THE POWER OF THE PERMUTATION 6
BETH SCHUELER 6
DEBATING THE “FRAMEWORK” 8
JOSEPH P. ZOMPETTI 8
THE WORDING IN THE PEACEKEEPING
TOPIC 11
JIM HANSON AND JOE CARVER 11
THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT 11
SHOULD 11
ESTABLISH 11
FOREIGN POLICY 12
SUBSTANTIALLY 12
INCREASING 12
SUPPORT 12
UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS 13
UNITED NATIONS 13
PEACEKEEPING 13
OPERATIONS 13
CONCLUSION 14
AFFIRMATIVE CASES ON THE
PEACEKEEPING TOPIC 15
JIM HANSON AND JOE CARVER 15
AFGHANISTAN 15
IRAQ 15
THE BALKANS 15
AIDS TRAINING 15
BURUNDI 15
PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE 25 15
STANDING ARMY 16
IVORY COAST 16
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT 16
DUES DISPERSEMENT 16
TRADITIONAL PEACEKEEPING 16
PEACEKEEPING INCREASES COOPERATION
AND US SOFT POWER 17
PEACEKEEPING BOOSTS SOFT POWER 17
PEACEKEEPING ENABLES INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION 18
UNILATERALISM ERODES U.S.
LEGITIMACY 19
SOFT POWER PREVENTS GREAT POWER
CONFLICTS 20
SOFT POWER IS THE BEST FORM OF
LEADERSHIP 21
HEGEMONY IS BAD 22
AFGHANISTAN 1AC 23
PEACEKEEPING IS NOT COUNTRYWIDE NOW 29
AFGHANI STABILITY IS DECREASING 30
AFGHANISTAN WILL DISINTEGRATE SOON 31
TALIBAN POWER IS GROWING 32
WARLORDS THREATEN AFGHANI STABILITY 33
AFGHANISTAN STABILITY IS KEY TO
GAINING FUTURE ALLY SUPPORT 34
AFGHANI STABILITY IS KEY TO WAR ON
TERROR 35
AFGHANI STABILITY IS KEY TO US
LEADERSHIP 36
US ACTION IS KEY TO PEACEKEEPING
EXPANSION 37
AFGHANI PEACEKEEPING ENSURES
STABILITY 38
PEACEKEEPING CAN INCREASE AFGHANI
STABILITY 39
AFGHANI PEACEKEEPING SOLVES
WARLORDISM 40
AFGHAN ARMY DOES NOT SOLVE NEED FOR
PEACEKEEPING 41
PEACEKEEPERS ARE KEY TO AFGHANI
ARMY CREATION 42
US PEACEKEEPERS DO NOT CAUSE
BACKLASH 42
AIDS 1AC 43
MILITARY PERSONNEL ARE AT HIGH RISK
OF CONTRACTING HIV/AIDS 48
HIV/AIDS IS EXACERBATED BY MILITARY
CONFLICTS 49
AIDS IS SPREADING RAPIDLY 50
CONFLICT EXACERBATES TRANSMISSION
OF HIV/AIDS 51
HIV/AIDS WITHIN THE MILITARY
THREATENS SECURITY AND READINESS 52
SPREAD OF AIDS UNDERMINES
PEACEKEEPING EFFORTS 53
HIV/AIDS POSES A THREAT TO GLOBAL
STABILITY 54
SPREAD OF AIDS DESTROYS
ECONOMIES AND LEADS TO POVERTY 55
FUNDING FOR ANTI-AIDS EFFORTS IS
INADEQUATE 56
PREVENTATIVE EDUCATION IS KEY TO
STOPPING THE SPREAD WITHIN THE MILITARY 58
HIV/AIDS TRAINED TROOPS ARE KEY TO
STOPPING SPREAD OUTSIDE THE MILITARY 59
TRAINED PEACEKEEPERS WILL ACT AS
CHANGE AGENTS, EDUCATING SOCIETY 60
BALKAN PEACEKEEPING 1AC 61
THE US IS DISENGAGING FROM THE
BALKANS 64
THE BALKANS ARE ERUPTING INTO
VIOLENCE 65
CURRENT EFFORTS ARE FAILING 66
US DISENGAGING ENSURES ESCALATION 67
BALKANS PEACEKEEPING PREVENTS
TERRORISM 68
BALKAN PEACEKEEPING KEY TO
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 69
RESOLVING THE BALKAN CONFLICT
PRESERVES U.S. HEGEMONY 70
US PEACEKEEPING PREVENTS VIOLENCE 71
ONLY THE US CAN SOLVE THE BALKAN
SITUATION 72
THE EU IS ILL-EQUIPPED TO ADDRESS
BALKAN VIOLENCE 73
IRAQ 1AC 74
THERE IS NOT ENOUGH EUROPEAN
PEACEKEEPING IN IRAQ TO STABILIZE THE REGION 81
THE UNITED STATES REFUSES TO GRANT
UN CONTROL OVER PEACEKEEPING IN IRAQ 82
INSTABILITY AND VIOLENCE IN IRAQ
ARE HIGH NOW 83
ATTACKS ON AMERICANS IN IRAQ ARE
FREQUENT 84
ABSENSE OF UN CONTROL HURTS
TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONS 85
MULTILATERAL RECONSTRUCTION SOLVES
IRAQI STABILITY 86
EUROPEAN PEACEKEEPING WOULD BE BEST
FOR IRAQ 87
MULTILATERAL PEACEKEEPING WOULD
SOLVE MANY PROBLEMS IN THE MIDDLE EAST 88
UNITED NATIONS AUTHORITY IS KEY TO
EUROPEAN PARTICIPATION 89
RAPID DEPLOYMENT FORCE 1AC 90
GENOCIDE AND CONFLICT WILL HAPPEN 94
US HAS BEEN REPEATEDLY COMPLICIT IN
GENOCIDE 95
THE U.S. SHOULD NOT BE COMPLICIT
WITH GENOCIDE 96
THE STATUS QUO IS FALTERING ON UN
RAPID DEPLOYMENT 97
THE UN DOES NOT AND WILL NOT HAVE A
STANDING ARMY 98
UN PEACEKEEPERS ARE NOT SUFFICIENT
AT PRESENT 99
INCREASED US SUPPORT SOLVES FOR HOT
SPOT CONFLICTS 100
U.S. SUPPORT FOR A RAPID DEPLOYMENT
FORCE SOLVES 101
ON-CALL FORCE SOLVES SLOW
DEPLOYMENT 102
US SUPPORT IS UNIQUE AND KEY TO
SOLVING 103
A STRONG UNITED NATIONS SOLVES
WORLD PROBLEMS 104
UN RAPID DEPLOYMENT IS KEY TO
FLEXIBILITY AND SOLVING CONFLICT 105
UN RAPID DEPLOYMENT IS KEY TO SOLVE
CIVIL UNREST AND DISEASE 106
A RAPID DEPLOYMENT FORCE STOPS
GENOCIDES AND CONFLICTS 107
US AND UN COORDINATION KEY TO SOLVE
GENOCIDES 108
STANDING ARMY IAC 109
THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION IS CUTTING
BACK FUNDING FOR UN PKO 114
THE UNITED NATIONS LACKS MONEY FOR
A STANDING ARMY 115
UN PEACEKEEPING DEPARTMENTS
URGENTLY NEED MORE MONEY 116
THE UNITED NATIONS LACKS OTHER
RESOURCES TO UNDERTAKE PKO 117
UN PKO LACK ADEQUATE MANAGEMENT
TECHNIQUES 118
UN PKO ARE POORLY COORDINATED 119
UN PKO ARE INEFFICIENT AND
INEFFECTIVE 120
UN PKO ARE POWERLESS WITHOUT A
STANDING ARMY 121
UN PKO CURRENTLY TAKE TOO LONG TO
PREVENT CONFLICT 122
A UN STANDING ARMY IS NEEDED TO
PREVENT INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT 123
A STANDING ARMY WOULD MAKE UN PKO
MORE LEGITIMATE 124
THE U.S. ALONE CANNOT PROVIDE
EFFECTIVE PKO 125
TRADITIONAL PEACEKEEPING 1AC 126
UN PEACEKEEPING FOCUSES ON EXPANDED
PEACEBUILDING 131
CURRENT UN PEACEKEEPING DISCOURAGES
CONSENT 132
UNITED STATES IS KEY TO
PEACEKEEPING 133
UN EXPANDED PEACEKEEPING WILL
INEVITABLY FAIL 134
HISTORY PROVES EXPANDED
PEACEKEEPING FAILS 135
UN RESOURCES ENSURE THAT EXPANDED
PEACEKEEPING WILL FAIL 136
EXPANDED PEACEKEEPING INCREASES
CRISES 137
EXPANDED PEACEKEEPING TRADES OFF
WITH TRADITIONAL PEACEKEEPING 138
EXPANDED PEACEKEEPING FALLS OUTSIDE
THE UN SAFETY CONVENTION 138
EXPANDED PEACEKEEPING HURTS UN
CREDIBILITY 139
EXPANDED PEACEKEEPING UNDERMINES US
POWER AND INFLUENCE 140
CHINA VIEWS EXPANDED PEACEKEEPING
AS ENCIRCLEMENT 141
CHINA SUPPORTS UN PEACEKEEPING IN
CROSS-BORDER CONFLICTS 142
US SHOULD INCREASE SUPPORT FOR
TRADITIONAL PEACEKEEPING 143
UN CREDIBILITY IS IMPORTANT FOR
WORLD PEACE 144
BUDGET TRADEOFF DISADVANTAGE
RESPONSES 145
CONGRESS DOESN’T BACKLASH ON
PEACEKEEPING SPENDING 145
TRADE-OFFS DON’T OCCUR 146
REDUCED PEACEKEEPING INCREASES COST
AND TRAINING 147
MILITARY READINESS DISADVANTAGE
RESPONSES 148
US IS DOMINANT MILITARILY 148
EFFECTIVE PEACEKKEEPING BOOSTS
READINESS 149
PEACEKEEPING IMPROVES MILITARY
READINESS 150
U.S. MILITARY IS STRONG NOW 151
READINESS IS HURT BY OTHER FACTORS 151
PEACEKEEPING DOESN'T DAMAGE
READINESS 152
PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS BOOST U.S.
LEADERSHIP 153
PEACEKEEPING HELPS READINESS 154
PEACEKEEPING IMPROVES TRAINING AND
EXPERIENCE 155
PRE-EMPTION DISADVANTAGE RESPONSES 156
THE US IS ALREADY MULTILATERAL 156
BUSH DOCTRINE HAS CREATED A POLICY
OF PRE-EMPTION 158
PRE-EMPTIVE DOCTRINE HAS DAMAGED
INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION 159
PRE-EMPTION WILL CAUSE NORTH KOREA
ATTACK 160
PRE-EMPTION CAUSES RUSSIA TO ATTACK
CHECHNYA 161
PRE-EMPTION CAUSES RUSSIA TO ATTACK
CHECHNYA 161
PRE-EMPTION EXACERBATES
INDIA-PAKISTAN CONFLICT 162
CONSULT JAPAN COUNTERPLAN RESPONSES 163
CONSULTATION IS NOT THE KEY TO
AVOID CHINESE AGGRESSION 163
CONSULTATION IS DECLINING IN
IMPORTANCE AND IS HAPPENING IN THE STATUS QUO 164
JAPAN IS REARMING NOW 165
JAPAN IS REARMING NOW 165
CONSULTATION HARMS U.S. HEGEMONY
AND DECREASES COALITION BUILDING 166
CONSULT NATO COUNTERPLAN RESPONSES 167
CONSULTING NATO ACTUALLY HURTS NATO
COHESION 167
THE PERMUTATION TO CONSULT AND DO
THE PLAN REGARDLESS SOLVES BEST 168
NATO STRENGTH WOULD BE BAD FOR
UNITED STATES AND WORLD SECURITY 169
THE COUNTERPLAN WOULD NOT SOLVE
EUROPE’S DESIRE FOR TRUE CONSULTATION 170
INCREASED US - NATO RELATIONS WOULD
BOOST INTERNATIONAL TRADE 171
AN INCREASED LEVEL OF FREE TRADE
WOULD BE ENVIRONMENTALLY DISASTROUS 172
NATO IS A TOOL FOR VIOLENT
DEMOCRACY PROMOTION 173
THE LIMITS OF PERFORMATIVE DEBATE:
LESSONS FROM BERTHOLT BRECHT 7
BY MATT STANNARD, UNIVERSITY OF
WYOMING 7
ARE COUNTERPLANS UTILIZING
INTERNATIONAL FIAT LEGITIMATE? 9
BY BRIAN SIMMONDS 9
IMPACT COMPARISON 11
JONAH FELDMAN 11
ARGUING PEACEKEEPING ON THE
NEGATIVE 13
JOE CARVER AND JIM HANSON 13
DEFINITIONS 16
THE 16
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 16
UNITED STATES 16
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 16
FEDERAL 17
GOVERNMENT 17
SHOULD 17
ESTABLISH 18
FOREIGN POLICY 18
POLICY 19
SUBSTANTIALLY 19
INCREASE 20
SUPPORT 20
UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING
OPERATIONS 21
ANSWERS TO CHINA-TAIWAN ADVANTAGES 22
PAST EVENTS BETWEEN CHINA AND
TAIWAN HAVE NOT CAUSED CONFLICT 22
THE RISK OF CONFLICT OVER TAIWAN IS
LOW 23
US SUPPORT OF TAIWAN WILL PREVENT
AN INVASION 24
TAIWAN-SINO RELATIONS ARE IMPROVING 25
ECONOMIC TIES BETWEEN CHINA AND
TAIWAN WILL PREVENT CONFLICT 26
ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE WILL STOP
WAR 27
TRADE TIES WILL PREVENT HOSTILITIES
FROM PROVOKING CONFLICT 28
CHINA IS SEEKING A DIPLOMATIC
SOLUTION OVER TAIWAN 29
TAIWANESE MILITARY SUPERIORTY WILL
PREVENT CONFLICT 30
DETERRENCE WILL PREVENT A
TAIWANESE-CHINESE WAR 31
CHINA WOULD NOT BE ABLE TO SUSTAIN
A MILITARY ATTACK ON TAIWAN 32
US-SINO RELATIONS ARE IMPROVING 33
CHINA-TAIWANSE COOPERATION WILL
PREVENT WAR 34
ANSWERS TO KOREAN SCENARIOS 35
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IS
PREVENTING NORTH KOREAN CONFLICT 35
INTERNATIONAL ACTORS ARE PUSHING
FOR PEACE ON THE PENINSULA 36
THE RISK OF CONFLICT IS LOW ON THE
KOREAN PENINSULA 37
NORTH KOREAN RELATIONS WITH THE
WORLD CONTINUE TO IMPROVE 38
THE US-ROK ALLIANCE CONTINUES TO
PREVENT CONFLICT 39
SIX PARTY TALKS ARE REDUCING
TENSIONS 40
THE SIX PARTY TALKS WILL PREVENT
CONFLICT 41
A NORTH KOREAN WAR WOULD NOT
ESCALATE 42
A NORTH KOREAN WAR WOULD NOT GO
NUCLEAR 43
NORTH KOREAN LEADERS WANT PEACE,
NOT CONFLICT 44
THE UNITED STATES IS WORKING FOR
PEACE WITH NORTH KOREA 45
ANSWERS TO INDIA PAKISTAN SCENARIOS 46
PEACE TALKS ARE RESOLVING THE
DISPUTE OVER KASHMIR 46
INDIA AND PAKISTAN WILL RESOLVE
THEIR ISSUES PEACEFULLY 47
INDIA-PAKISTANI RELATIONS ARE VERY
HIGH 48
INDIA-PAKISTANI RELATIONS CONTINUE
TO IMPROVE 49
ECONOMIC INTEGRATION WILL PREVENT
WAR OVER KASHMIR 50
DETERRENCE AND DIPLOMACY WILL
PREVENT OPEN WAR 51
AN INDIAN-PAKISTANI CONFLICT WILL
NOT ESCALATE 52
INDIA AND PAKISTAN ARE INCREASING
COOPERATION 53
INDIA-PAKISTAN COOPERATION IS
SPILLING OVER INTO OTHER AREAS 54
ANSWERS TO MIDDLE EAST SCENARIOS 55
THE MIDDLE EAST IS BECOMING MORE
STABLE 55
THE RISK OF CONFLICT IN THE MIDDLE
EAST IS RECEDING 56
ISRAELI AND PALESTINIAN LEADERS ARE
NOW COMMITTED TO PEACE 57
INTERNATIONAL PEACE TALKS ARE
REDUCING TENSION 58
REGIONAL ACTORS ARE COMMITTED
TOWARDS ESTABLISHING PEACE 59
PRESIDENT BUSH’S ROADMAP WILL
SUCCEED IN THE MIDDLE EAST 60
PRESIDENT BUSH’S ROADMAP IS
REDUCING VIOLENCE IN THE MIDDLE EAST 61
COLLAPSE OF THE PEACE PROCESS WILL
NOT CAUSE WAR 62
AFGHANISTAN NEGATIVE 63
AFGHANISTAN IS STABLE NOW 63
AFGHANI SECURITY IS BEING ENHANCED
NOW 64
AFGHANI INSTABILITY DOES NOT CAUSE
TERRORISM 65
AFGHANI PEACEKEEPING UNDERMINES
GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR 66
AFGHANI PEACEKEEPING DOES NOT SOLVE 67
AFGHANI PEACEKEEPING WILL NOT
SECURE STABILITY 68
AFGHANIS WILL BACKLASH AGAINST
PEACEKEEPING 69
AFGHANISTAN ASSISTANCE NOT
LOGISTICALLY POSSIBLE 70
AFGHANI GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION MAKES
STABILITY IMPOSSIBLE 70
REGIONAL ACTION IS THE ONLY WAY TO
SOLVE AFGHANISTAN 71
US SUPPORT OF WARLORDS GUARANTEES
INSTABILITY 72
PRE-EMPTION CAUSES RUSSIA TO ATTACK
CHECHNYA 73
COUNTERPLANS—OTHER FORCES CAN
GUARANTEE AFGHANI STABILITY 74
ISAF EXPANSION IS NOT TOPICAL 75
AIDS NEGATIVE 76
UN IS ALREADY FOCUSED ON SOLVING
THE AIDS PROBLEM 77
US IS ALREADY PROVIDING AMPLE
FUNDING 78
PEACEKEEPERS ARE ALREADY PROVIDING
AIDS PREVENTION EDUCATION IN AFRICA 79
AIDS DOES NOT THREATEN HUMAN
EXTINCTION 80
AIDS IS NOT A THREAT TO GLOBAL
STABILITY 81
UN DOES NOT HAVE AUTHORITY/JURISDICTION
OVER TRAINING PEACEKEEPERS 81
BALKAN PEACEKEEPING NEGATIVE 82
THE US IS ENGAGED NOW 82
THE BALKANS ARE STABLE 83
OTHER ACTORS ARE SOLVING BALKAN
VIOLENCE 84
PEACEKEEPING TROOPS ARE
UNNECESSSARY 85
BALKAN PEACEKEEPING ERODES US
HEGEMONY 86
UN PEACEKEEPERS COMMIT SEX CRIMES 87
THE EU CAN SOLVE IN THE BALKANS 88
BALKAN PEACEKEEPING DOESN’T SOLVE TERORRISM 89
IRAQ CASE NEGATIVE 90
DEMOCRACY IS FLOURISHING IN IRAQ
NOW 90
THE UNITED STATES IS WINNING THE
WAR ON TERROR IN IRAQ 91
THE UNITED NATIONS IS ALREADY
INVOLVED IN IRAQ 92
THE UN IS DEVOTING MORE RESOURCES
TO PEACEKEEPING 93
BRAHIMI IMPLEMENTATION IS IMPROVING
PEACEKEEPING 94
US INVOLVEMENT FOCUSES ON
COALITIONS OF THE WILLING 95
THE UNITED NATIONS PARTICIPATION
WILL NOT HELP IRAQIS 96
EUROPE HAS LITTLE TO GIVE THE
EFFORT TO REBUILD IRAQ 97
EUROPEAN CONTROL WOULD BE USED TO
EXPLOIT IRAQIS 98
EUROPEAN CONTROL INCREASES THE
LIKELIHOOD OF TERRORISM 99
CEDING CONTROL TO THE UN WOULD COST
BUSH POLITICAL CAPITAL 100
RAPID DEPLOYMENT FORCE NEGATIVE 101
A RAPID DEPLOYMENT FORCE IS NOT
INHERENT OR SIGNIFICANT 101
U.S. SUPPORT FOR A UN RAPID
DEPLOYMENT FORCE WILL NOT SOLVE 102
U.S. SUPPORT FOR A UN RAPID
DEPLOYMENT FORCE WILL FAIL 103
NATO ALREADY IS SET TO HAVE A RAPID
RESPONSE FORCE 104
A RAPID DEPLOYMENT FORCE WOULD BE
DISADVANTAGEOUS 104
A RAPID DEPLOYMENT FORCE WOULD BE
HARMFUL 105
CANADA CAN SUPPORT A RAPID
DEPLOYMENT FORCE 106
UNILATERAL ACTION/THE RUMSFELD PLAN
IS BETTER THAN THE UN 107
UNILATERAL APPROACHES ARE BETTER
THAN MULTILATERALISM 108
UNILATERAL APPROACHES ARE SUPERIOR
TO MULTILATERALISM 109
A RAPID DEPLOYMENT FORCE IS NOT
TOPICAL 110
TRADITIONAL PEACEKEEPING NEGATIVE 111
UN IS ALREADY REDEVOTING SELF TO
TRADITIONAL PEACEKEEPING 111
BRAHIMI REPORT IS SAVING
TRADITIONAL PEACEKEEPING 112
US INVOLVMENT WILL LEAD TO
COALITIONS OF THE WILLING 113
UN IS IMPLEMENTING BRAHIMI REPORT 113
US SUPPORT FOR EXPANDED
PEACEKEEPING SOLVES BETTER 114
PRE-EMPTION EXACERBATES
INDIA-PAKISTAN CONFLICT 115
EXPANDED PEACEKEEPING IS NEEDED 116
EXPANDED PEACEKEEPING SOLVES
GENOCIDE 117
EXPANDED PEACEKEEPING SOLVES BEST 118
BUDGET TRADE-OFF DISADVANTAGE 119
SHELL 119
THE BUDGET DOESN'T INCLUDE NEW
SPENDING FOR PEACEKEEPING 120
PEACEKEEPING BUDGET IS TIGHT 121
IRAQ HAS STRAINED PEACEKEEPING
BUDGET 122
U.S. IS LARGEST FINANCIAL
CONTRIBUTOR TO U.N. PEACEKEEPING 123
PEACEKEEPING IS EXPENSIVE 123
BUDGET TRADE-OFF WILL OCCUR 124
EMPIRICALLY, BUDGET TRADEOFFS HURT 125
REPUBLICANS WILL FORCE TRADE OFF 126
STATE DEPARTMENT FUNDING KEY FOR
WAR ON TERRORISM 127
MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE ACCOUNT IS KEY
TO DEMOCRACY 127
MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE ACCOUNT WILL
BE TARGETED 128
MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE ACCOUNT KEY TO
PHILIPPINES AID 129
MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE ACCOUNT
GENERALLY GOOD 130
MILITARY READINESS DISADVANTAGE 131
SHELL 131
THERE'S LITTLE PEACEKEEPING NOW 132
STRONG READINESS EXISTS NOW 133
READINESS IS STRETCHED THIN NOW 134
PEACEKEEPING HURTS MILITARY
READINESS 135
PEACEKEEPING IS BAD FOR MORALE AND
PREPARATION 137
PEACEKEEPING CAUSES TRAINING TRADE
OFFS 138
PEACEKEEPING HURTS MILITARY
READINESS 139
PEACEKEEPING DRAINS VITAL RESOURCES 140
READINESS DECLINE ENCOURAGES
AGRRESSION TOWARD US 141
REDUCED READINESS IS GENERALLY BAD 142
READINESS IS KEY TO PREVENT A
CHINA-TAIWAN WAR 142
TAIWAN IS A WAR HOTSPOT 143
US MUST DETER CHINA IN TAIWAN 144
FUNDING IS NOT FROM SUPPLEMENTAL
BUDGET 145
PEACEKEEPERS CANNOT REDEPLOY
QUICKLY AND ARE LIMITED OPERATIONALLY 146
PREEMPTIVE DOCTRINE DISADVANTAGE 147
SHELL 147
CURRENT FOREIGN POLICY IS
UNILATERAL 148
UN ACTION UNDERMINES UNILATERAL
CREDIBILITY 149
BUSH DOCTRINE PREVENTS TERRORISM 150
PRE-EMPTION SOLVES TERRORISM AND
ROGUE NATIONS. 151
TERRORISM WILL SPUR MORE WAR 152
PRE-EMPTION DOCTRINE SOLVES NORTH
KOREA 153
NORTH KOREA WILL ONLY RESPOND TO
PRE-EMPTIVE DOCTRINE 154
PRE-EMPTIVE DOCTRINE LEADS TO
MIDEAST DEMOCRACY 155
PRE-EMPTIVE DOCTRINE IS BEST HOPE
FOR DEMOCRACY IN THE MIDDLE EAST 156
PRE-EMPTIVE DOCTRINE DOES NOT
INCREASE RUSSIAN HOSTILITY 157
CONSULT JAPAN COUNTERPLAN 158
SHELL 158
US-JAPAN ALLIANCE IS ON THE BRINK 159
NO CONSULTATION LEADS TO JAPANESE
RESENTMENT 160
COOPERATION IS KEY TO RELATIONS
WITH NORTHEAST ASIA 161
US-JAPAN RELATIONS ARE HIGH 162
CONSULT KEY TO US-JAPANESE
RELATIONS AND SECURITY 163
CONSULTING JAPAN COUNTERPLAN IS KEY
TO US POWER PROJECTIONS 164
POWER SHARING IS KEY TO
CONSULTATION 165
CONSULTATION WILL SOLVE THE
CHINA-TAIWAN CONFLICT 166
US-JAPANESE ALLIANCE IS KEY TO
COMBAT TERRORISM 167
CONSULT NATO COUNTERPLAN 168
1NC SHELL 168
CONSULTATION IS KEY TO NATO 169
GENUINE CONSULTATION IS KEY TO NATO
FUTURE 170
NATO CONSULTATION IS KEY TO
STOPPING TERRORISM 171
NATO CONSULTATION IS KEY TO US
LEADERSHIP 172
TRANSATLANTIC TIES ARE KEY TO
ECONOMIC GROWTH 173
RUSSIA WILL NOT BACKLASH TO NATO
CONSULTATION 174
AT: PERMUTE – DO PLAN AND
COUNTERPLAN (THUS, LIE) 175
DELAYS DO NOT OCCUR BECAUSE OF
CONSULTATION 175
BARELIFE KRITIK 5
AGAMBEN CRITICISM SHELL (CONTINUED) 8
DISCOURSE IS THE ONLY WAY TO MAKE
POLITICAL DECISIONS 9
PEACEEPEING NECESSITATES VIOLENCE
AND SUBJUGATION 10
FOCUS ON WAR ON TERROR IS A
BIOPOLITICAL DEPLOYMENT 11
LINKS TO THE BAN, STATE OF
EXCEPTION, AND CREATION OF BARE LIFE 12
BIOPOLITICS DEVALUES ALL LIFE 13
BIOPOLITICS LEADS TO EXTERMINATION
AND GENOCIDE 14
BIOPOLITICS LEADS TO VIOLENCE AND
CONTROL 15
CREATING UNIVERSAL COMMUNITY IS THE
ALTERNATIVE 16
INCOMPLETE IDENTITIES-NOT SUBJECTS
DEFINED BY CONFLICT-ARE THE ALTERNATIVE 17
COMBINATION POLITICS DOOMS THE
CRITICISM 18
ANSWERS TO BARE LIFE KRITIK 19
AGAMBEN MISUNDERSTANDS THE WAY
POWER OPERATES 19
AGAMBEN LEAVES NO PATH FOR CHANGE 20
AGAMBEN INVENTS PEOPLE WHO ARE
OPPRESSED 21
NO VALUE TO LIFE CLAIMS ARE GOOD 22
AGAMBEN UNDERSTANDS THE STATE AND
IS RELETAVIST 23
AGAMBEN’S ACTIVISM FAILS FOR A
NUMBER OF REASONS 24
THE MARXIST CRITIQUE 25
MARXISM SHELL 28
THE US USES THE UN TO PROP UP
HEGEMONIC INTERESTS 30
UN CREDIBILITY SOFTENS THE FIGHT
AGAINST CAPITALISM 31
THE UNITED NATIONS PROPS UP
CAPITALISM AND IMPERIALISM 32
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL
SUPPORT FOR RULING CLASSES UNDERMINES SOLIDARITY 34
THE WORKING CLASS MUST BREAK FREE
FROM BOURGEOIS POLICY DISCUSSIONS 35
MARXISM IS NECESSARY FOR SURVIVAL 36
MUST CONFRONT CAPITALISM TO SAVE
THE PLANET 37
WORKING CLASS SOLIDARITY IS THE
ALTERNATIVE TO BOURGEOIS FOREIGN POLICY 38
ANSWERS TO MARXISM CRITIQUE 39
UNITED NATIONS INVOLVEMENT TURNS
THE MARXIST CRITICISM 39
MATERIALITY AND IDEOLOGY ARE
INTERTWINED 40
MARXISM IS GENERALLY FLAWED 41
MARXISM DEHUMANIZES PEOPLE 42
MARXISM DOOMS POLITICS 43
MARXISM IS REGRESSIVE AND CAUSES
HUMAN SUFFERING 44
THE MARXIST CRITICISM WON’T SPUR
REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE 45
PEACEKEEPING VIOLENCE CRITIQUE 46
PEACEKEEPING VIOLENCE KRITIK SHELL 49
PEACEKEEPING IS VIOLENT 50
PEACKEEPERS BLINDLY RESORT TO
VIOLENCE 51
THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT IS
VIOLENT 52
SANCTIONS ARE VIOLENT 53
OUR PERSONAL ACTION ROOTED IN PEACE
SOLVES 54
REJECTING VIOLENCE SOLVES LARGER
STRUCTURES OF VIOLENCE 55
VIOLENCE CREATES A CULTURE OF
INEVITABLE VIOLENCE 56
VIOLENCE RISKS PLANET SURVIVABILITY 57
ANSWERS TO PEACEKEEPING VIOLENCE
CRITIQUE 58
UN PEACEKEEPING IS NOT VIOLENT 58
NON-VIOLENT PEACEKEEPING DOESN’T
SOLVE REGIONAL CONFLICT 59
INCREASING PEACEKEEPING RESOURCES
DECREASE VIOLENCE 60
SHOULD NOT REJECT ALL VIOLENCE 61
PACIFISM AND OTHER ALTERNATIVES ARE
IMPOSSIBLE 62
PACIFISM IS POLITICAL POSTURING 63
EMPIRICAL FLAWS TO PACIFISM 64
THE OBJECTIVIST CRITIQUE 65
THE OBJECTIVIST FRAMEWORK PROVIDES
A SUPERIOR ALTERNATIVE TO SUPPORTING THE UNITED NATIONS 72
MILITARY ACTION SHOULD BE REJECTED 73
WE SHOULD REJECT UTILITARIANISM AND
APPEALS TO THE COMMON GOOD 74
SOLVENCY TURNS: ALTRUISM IS
COUNTERPRODUCTIVE 76
ALTRUISM THREATENS OUR SURVIVAL AND
FREEDOM 77
INDIVIDUALISM IS NECESSARY FOR
MORALITY AND RIGHTS 78
ANSWERS TO OBJECTIVISM CRITIQUE 79
WE HAVE A MORAL DUTY TO OTHERS 79
THE OBJECTIVIST FRAMEWORK IS FLAWED 80
OBJECTIVISM MISREPRESENTS ALTRUISM 81
PSYCHOLOGY AND SCIENCE DISPROVE
OBJECTIVISM 82
ALTRUISM AND EGOISM CAN CO-EXIST 83
THE GLOBAL ORDER CRITIQUE 84
GLOBAL ORDER SHELL 86
REPRESENTATIONS OF VIOLENCE
ENTRENCH GLOBAL ORDER 88
CALLS FOR ACTION ARE COMPLCIT WITH
GLOBAL ORDER 89
UN INTEREVENTION ASSURES SYSTEMIC
EXCLUSIONS 90
DEMANDSON THE STATE ARE BAD 91
DEVELOPMENT IS A SYSTEM OF ORDER 92
REPRESENTING THE OPPRESSED CEMENTS
THEIR DOMIANTION 94
POLICY MAKING ANESTHECIZES 95
GLOBAL APPROACHES DERAIL POLITICAL
APPROACHES 96
GLOBAL THINKING PREVENTS EMPATHY 97
GLOBAL ORDER ENSURE IMPERIALISM 98
PROBLEM SOLVING FORECLOSES
ALTERNATIVES 99
GLOBAL POLITICS INTERFERE WITH
SOLVENCY 100
GLOBAL POLITICS CANNOT SOLVE 101
SOLVENCY IS IMPOSSIBLE WITHIN
SYSTEMS OF DOMINATION 102
THE CALL FOR ACTION INTERFERES WITH
ETHICAL POLITICS 103
LOCAL POLITICS ARE ESSENTIAL TO
RESIST VIOLENCE 104
REPRESENTATIONS ARE IMPORTANT 105
ANSWERS TO GLOBAL ORDER CRITIQUE 106
THINKING GLOBALLY ALLOWS FOR LOCAL
ACTION 106
GLOBAL POLITICAL STRUCTURES ARE
POSITIVE 107
GLOBAL THINKING DOESN’T CAUSE
NEGATIVE POLITICAL IDENTITIES 108
LOCAL POLITICS CANNOT ADDRESS
GLOBAL POWER STRUCTURES 109
LOCAL POLITICS OBSTRUCT COALITIONS 110
LOCALISM CANNOT OVERCOME GLOBALISM 111
LOCAL POLITICS AFFIRM DEBILITATNG
NOTIONS OF AUTHENTICITY 112
LOCAL POLITICS CAUSES ELIT
OPPRESSION 113
PARTICIPATING IN SYSTEMS OF
DOMINATION IS ACCEPTABLE 114
CULTURAL DIVERSITY IS BAD 115
THE SECURITY KRITIK 116
SECRITY KRITIK SHELL 118
PEACEKEEPING FORCES USE MILITARISM
IN PROBLEMATIC MANNERS 120
NUCLEAR DETERRENCE AND SECURITY
RESULT IN VIOLENCE AND GENOCIDE 121
PEACE/WAR DICHOTOMIES COLLAPSE INTO
EMERGENCY AND VIOLENCE 122
PEACE/WAR DICHOTOMIES CAUSE
VIOLENCE AND CONFLICT 123
PEACE/WAR DICHOTOMIES CAUSE
VIOLENCE AND CONFLICT 124
FOREIGN POLICY LEADS TO VIOLENCE 125
ALTERNATIVES LIKE MICROPOLITICAL
RESISTANCE SOLVE SECURITY DILEMMAS 126
ALTERNATIVES LIKE MICROPOLITICAL
RESISTANCE SOLVE SECURITY DILEMMAS 127
ALTERNATIVES LIKE CRITIQUE AND
QUESTIONING SOLVE SECURITY DILEMMAS 128
NEGATIVE ANSWERS TO AN AFFIRMATIVE
PERMUTATION 129
ANSWERS TO SECURITIZATION/REALISM
CRITIQUE 130
REALISM IS TO ENTRENCHED TO GET RID
OF 130
WE MUST RELY ON REALISM BECAUSE
OTHERS DO 131
REALISM ACCURATELY DEPICTS THE
WORLD AND IS GOOD 132
REALISM IS INEVITABLE AND ACCURATE 133
REALISM INCREASES KNOWLEDGE 134
REALISM IS A NECESSARY FIRST STEP
TO CRITIQUE 135
REALISM IS GOOD AND CRITIQUE HAS NO
ALTERNATIVE 136
COMBINATION APPROACHES ARE BEST 137
COMPASSION FATIGUE KRITIK 138
COMPASSION KRITK SHELL 139
THE AFFIRMATIVE CALL FOR
PEACEKEEPING ESSENTIALIZES VIOLENCE 141
DESCRIBING ETHNIC CONFLICTS TO
PEACEKEEP CAUSES COMPASSION FATIGUE 142
IGNORING CONTEXT OF THE NEED FOR
PEACEKEEPING CAUSES COMPASSION FATIGUE 143
APPEALING TO BIG IMPACTS TO JUSTIFY
PEACEKEEPING NUMBS THE LISTENER 144
COMPASSION FATIGUE CAUSES
INDIFFERENCE AND APATHY 145
COMPASSION FATIGUE CAUSES
AMERICANIZED AND COLONIALISTIC MEDIA 146
ALTERNATIVE – MUST CRITIQUE BAD
REPRESENTATIONS AND MEDIA PRACTICES 147
CHALLENGING MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS
COMES FIRST 148
ANSWERS TO COMPASSION FATIGUE
KRITIK 149
WE HAVE AN OBLIGATION TO DEPICT
SUFFERING TO ACT TO STOP IT 149
VIEWING SUFFERING KEY TO
UNDERSTANDING VIOLENCE 151
VIOLENT IMAGES ARE KEY TO TRANSFORMATION 152
THE SPECTACLE OF IMAGES ALLOWS FOR
TRANSFORMATION 153
THE SPECTACLE OF VIOLENCE IS
UNAVOIDABLE—DEPLOYMENT IS WHAT IS RELEVANT 154
AFGHANISTAN IS A PROBLEM 8
TALIBAN RESURGENCE IS OCCURRING IN
AFGHANISTAN 8
THE CURRENT GOVERNMENT IS FAILING
AND LACKS CREDIBILITY 8
AFGHAN DRUG PRODUCTION IS GROWING 9
AFGHANISTAN IS ON THE BRINK OF
COLLAPSE 10
INTERNATIONAL AID PROMISES TO
AFGHANISTAN ARE HOLLOW 11
THE CURRENT PEACEKEEPING FORCE IS
NOT ADEQUATE 12
LACK OF ROBUST PEACEKEEPING FORCE
DESTABILIZES AFGHANISTAN 13
MORE PEACEKEEPERS WOULD ALLOW FOR
REDUCED WARLORD-ISM AND MILITIAS 14
WARLORD-ISM AND MILITIAS
DESTABILIZE AFGHANISTAN 15
BALKANS IS A SERIOUS PROBLEM 16
BALKANS IS A CRISIS 16
ETHNIC HATRED IS FUELING BALKANS
CRISIS 17
THE US IS MUST ACT IN BALKANS 18
US KEY TO SOLVE TERRORISM IN THE
BALKANS 19
SUDAN IS A GENOCIDE 20
VIOLENCE IN DARFUR CONSTITUTES
GENOCIDE 20
INSTABILITY IN DARFUR IS GROWING 21
VIOLENCE IN DARFUR THREATENS
HUNDREDS OF LIVES DAILY 22
RESOLVING DARFUR IS IMPORTANT TO
OVERALL SUDANESE PEACE PROCESS 23
DARFUR IS AN IMPORTANT TEST OF
INTERNATIONAL CREDIBILITY 24
SANCTIONS WILL FAIL TO STOP
VIOLENCE IN DARFUR 25
AFRICAN UNION EFFORTS IN DARFUR ARE
FAILING 26
UNITED NATIONS EFFORTS TO RESOLVE
DARFUR ARE FAILING 27
UNILATERAL INTERVENTION INTO SUDAN
WILL FAIL 28
AMERICAN SUPPORT IS KEY TO UNITED
NATIONS PEACEKEEPING IN SUDAN 29
UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING IS KEY
TO PREVENT GENOCIDE IN DARFUR 30
BURUNDI AFFIRMATIVE 31
CONFLICT IS LIKELY IN BURUNDI 39
CONFLICT IN BURUNDI IS INEVITABLE 40
NOW IS KEY TO ADDRESS BURUNDI 40
CURRENT PEACE ACCORD FAILS 41
BURUNDI CONFLICT DEVASTATES
INNOCENT CIVILIANS 42
THE U.S. IS NOT SUPPORTING THE UN
PEACEKEEPING MISSION IN BURUNDI 43
GENOCIDE IS LIKELY IN BURUNDI 44
GENOCIDE WILL DESTROY BURUNDI AND
SPREAD 45
RAPE IS SIGNIFICANT IN BURUNDI 46
RAPE IS A DISASTROUS PROBLEM IN
BURUNDI 47
CHILD SOLDIERS ARE A DISASTROUS
PROBLEM IN BURUNDI 47
CHILD SOLDIERS ARE SIGNIFICANT IN
BURUNDI 48
DISEASE IS A SERIOUS PROBLEM IN
BURUNDI 49
BURUNDI CONFLICT RISKS ESCALATION 50
CONFLICT IN BURUNDI HAS SPILLOVER
EFFECTS 50
THE U.S. IS KEY TO SOLVING THE
PROBLEMS IN BURUNDI 50
THE UN IS VITAL FOR PEACE IN
BURUNDI 51
US IS INSTRUMENTAL TO THE PEACE
PROCESS 52
BURUNDI WILL NOT IMPACT US BUDGET 52
US ROLE IN BURUNDI BOOSTS HEGEMONY 53
ONLY US AND UN CAN SOLVE 53
SIERRA LEONE AFFIRMATIVE 54
AFRICA IS KEY TO OIL 59
SIERRA LEONE CIVIL WAR IMPACTS 59
SIERRA LEONE TERRORISM IMPACTS 60
INHERENCY-US TROOPS IN SIERRA LEONE
ARE NOT PERMENANT 60
UN ACTION IS NOT SOLVING SIERRA
LEONE 61
RUSSIAN FORCES CAN’T SOLVE SIERRA
LEONE 62
SIERRA LEONE MODELING SOLVENCY 63
SIERRA LEONE WILL NOT BE EXPENSIVE 63
ANSWERS TO THE LEADERSHIP
DISADVANTAGE 64
AMERICA IS NOT A GLOBAL HEGEMON 64
AMERICA IS OVERLY UNILATERALIST 65
AMERICAN SOFT POWER IS DECLINING 66
SOFT POWER IS IMPORTANT TO POWER
AND DISTINCT FROM MILITARY POWER 67
POLICIES DETERMINE SOFT POWER AND
LEGITIMACY 68
MULTILATERALISM INCREASES AMERICAN
SOFT POWER 69
SOFT POWER IS KEY TO SOLVE
IMPORTANT GLOBAL THREATS AND COOPERATION 70
SOFT POWER IS KEY TO THE WAR ON
TERROR 71
UNILATERALISM RESULTS IN
CONSTRAINTS ON FOREIGN POLICY 72
UNILATERALISM UNDERMINES PUBLIC
SUPPORT FOR LEADERSHIP 73
UNILATERALISM HURTS INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION 74
COALITIONS OF THE WILLING UNDERMINE
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 75
MULTILATERALISM PRODUCES
BURDEN-SHARING 76
MULTILATERALISM PREVENTS
COUNTERBALANCING 77
MULTILATERALISM CO-OPTS EMERGING
RIVALS 78
MULTILATERALISM PREVENTS
ANTI-AMERICANISM 79
MULTILATERALISM ENHANCES POLICY
EFFECTIVENESS 80
MULTILATERALISM IS KEY TO SOLVE
IMPORTANT GLOBAL THREATS 81
MULTILATERALISM PROMOTES THE SPREAD
OF DEMOCRACY 82
MULTILATERALISM IS KEY TO AMERICAN
MILITARY POWER 83
MULTILATERALISM IS KEY TO
PREVENTING PROLIFERATION 84
MULTILATERALISM IS KEY TO THE WAR ON
TERROR 85
MULTILATERALISM IS KEY TO THE
ECONOMY 86
KRAUTHAMMER’S ANALYSIS OF
LEADERSHIP IS FLAWED 87
ANSWERS TO THE AFRICAN UNION
COUNTERPLAN 88
AU CAN NOT SOLVE BECAUSE IT LACKS
FORCES 88
PERM: AFRICAN UNION AND UNITED
NATIONS ACTING TOGETHER SOLVE CONFLICT 89
AU IS EXCLUSIONARY AND BREEDS
RESENTMENT 89
AFRICAN UNION LACKS RESOURCES TO
SOLVE CONFLICT 90
AFRICAN UNION LACKS CREDIBILITY 91
AFRICAN UNION CAN’T SOLVE SUDAN
CONFLICT 91
ANSWERS TO THE EMPIRE KRITIK 92
EMPIRE IS BASED ON POOR SCHOLARSHIP 92
THE WORLD HAS NOT CHANGED TO A NEW
SYSTEM OF EMPIRE 93
EMPIRE’S PORTRAYAL OF ECONOMICS IS
INACCURATE 94
EMPIRE DOES NOT EXIST 95
THE EMPIRE CRITIQUE IS EUROCENTRIC 96
A COUNTER-EMPIRE MOVEMENT IS NOT
FORMING 97
THE EMPIRE CRITIQUE CONDONES
TERRORISM AND VIOLENCE 98
EMPIRE’S CONCEPT OF RESISTANCE
FAILS 99
RESISTANCE TO EMPIRE FAILS 100
SYMBOLIC RESISTANCE CANNOT
CHALLENGE EMPIRE 101
A PERMUTATION TO WORK THROUGH THE
US GOVERNMENT SOLVES BEST FOR THE EMPIRE CRITIQUE 102
ANSWERS TO INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
FEMINISM KRITIK 103
PEACEKEEPING ALREADY ADDRESSES
GENDER CONCERNS 103
MONOLITHIC APPROACHES FAIL 104
FEMINISM IS ESSENTIALIST 106
FEMINISM IGNORES INTERSECTIONS OF
OTHER OPPRESSIONS 107
AFGHANISTAN NEGATIVE 108
AMERICAN EFFORTS TO SECURE AND
REBUILD AFGHANISTAN ARE PROGRESSING 108
NATO IS INCREASING PEACEKEEPING
EFFORTS NOW 109
NATO PEACEKEEPING IN AFGHANISTAN IS
KEY TO ITS CREDIBILITY 110
FOREIGN AID TO AFGHANISTAN IS HIGH
NOW 111
AFGHAN REBUILDING EFFORTS ARE
PROGRESSING 112
AFGHAN PUBLIC SUPPORT AND OPTIMISM
IS HIGH 113
AFGHAN WARLORDS ARE NOT
DESTABILIZING AFGHANISTAN 114
THE AFFIRMATIVE CANNOT REVERSE
TRENDS IN AFGHANISTAN 115
UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING WILL
FAIL IN AFGHANISTAN 116
BALKANS NEGATIVE 117
SEX TRAFFICKING IS BEING SOLVED IN
THE BALKANS 117
THE US INCREASES RISK OF BALKAN
TERROR 117
RUSSIA CAN SOLVE BALKANS 118
THERE IS NO BALKAN ENVIRONMENTAL
CRISIS 119
PEACEKEEPERS INCREASE RISK OF SEX
TRAFFICKING 120
KOSOVAR DEPLOYMENT LEADS TO
OVERSTRETCH 121
BURUNDI NEGATIVE 122
THE U.S. ALREADY SUPPORTS BURUNDI PEACEKEEPING